Native Immigrants And The City Of Miami - 1056 Words

When it comes to different dialects recognized across the United States, some of the most prominent dialects are Eastern New England, Lowland Southern, Western, and Mid-western English. Miami English is often neglected when it comes to the vast amount of dialects found throughout the United States. Mostly because the emergence of the language is fairly new compared to all other dialects. Many of the immigrant’s that established their lives in the City of Miami began making their way from Cuba in the late 50s and ever since then, the city’s population has been drastically growing. Fast-forward about five decades later and the second and third generations of those same immigrants developed what is now known as a â€Å"Miami dialect†. Although Miami English is unstudied when compared to other distinguished dialects in America, it is the most prominent dialect spoken in the City of Miami. With the colossal amount of spanish speaking communities that have established themselves throughout the city, Miami is often viewed as a bilingual city. Many visitors will easily pick up the unique lexical characteristics that many, if not all, Miamians use. Along with the distinct phonological characteristics that is often noted when natives pronounce their L’s and words with /à ¦/. One of the notable attributes about living in a state and/or city in America is that whenever you travel outside of your city or state, most people are quick to point out your â€Å"accent†. However, from your standpoint,Show MoreRelatedEssay on English-Only Movement1511 Words   |  7 Pagesis inconsistent with basic American traditions of linguistic tolerance, and a common language is not the foundation of political and national unity. I disagree with this organization’s statement. Because I believe it is English that unites immigrants and native-born alike as Americans. Speaking in a single, common tongue will not only obtain trust, but also to certain extend eliminate racial hostility and bigotry. As an overseas student to his country, I am fully aware of the things that bind meRead MoreA Good Example Of The Melting Pot Theory953 Words   |  4 Pageswhen immigrants come to a new country they will look for places and spaces where their friends and family live. These places known as ethnic enclaves are â€Å"areas of cities where immigrants of the same ethnic background congregate to create social and economic opportunities for themselves† (Chen 221). In other words when people from the same culture live in the same area of a city they tend to stick together and work with each other; they also tend to have their own enclave economy as immigrants hireRead MoreCities, Immigrants, And The Nation1290 Words   |  6 PagesCities, Immigrants, and the Nation The history of America has been associated with immigration. In fact, the population of America is believed to be highly dominated by immigrants. The topic of immigrants in the United Sates is crucial even in the present situation. There are mixed reactions on the best way to deal with the issue of immigration, especially in the political front. Immigration in the United States is quite extensive and began long time ago. This essay will address the American ImmigrationRead MoreHispanic American Diversity Essay examples1121 Words   |  5 Pagesbelonged to Mexico-principally, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Texas-they began creating communities in Chicago and other steel producing regions when they obtained employment there during World War I. (Wikipedia, 2007). 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Puerto Ricans Puerto Ricans are American citizens; they are considered U.S. migrants as opposed to foreign immigrants. Many Puerto Rican mainlanders hold high-paying white collar jobs. Outside of New York City, Puerto Ricans often boast higher college graduation rates and higher per capita incomes than their counterparts in other Latino groups. The U.S. Census reports that at least 25 percent of Puerto RicansRead MoreImmigrants Coming to America867 Words   |  3 PagesIn the late 1800’s and early 1900’s many immigrants came to the United States for a better way of life. I chose this particular question because I am first generation American. My parents were born in Sicily; my great grandparents came to the United States in the early 1900’s. My grandmother was born in the United States 1904, although she was born in America her parents did not choose to remain in the United States. Longing for their home land my great grandparents moved the family back toRead MoreEssay about The Advantages and Disadvantages of Multiculturalism1042 Words   |  5 PagesFor example, 10% of the UK’s population consists of different racial groups. Multicultural cities are called cosmopolitans. **** If you walk down any bustling London street, it is likely you will come across many people from different cultural backgrounds. For London now speaks over 200 languages and the diversity of different cultures within London is so great that easy definition is impossible. The city is home to over 300 nationalities that have over time moulded and shaped London’s cultureRead MoreThe Debate Has Gone On For Decades?1902 Words   |  8 PagesDamini Verma Writing 150 Globalisation Writing Project 2 Us Vs Them The debate has gone on for decades. Everyone has an opinion, and every opinion is different. Immigrants affect a country’s culture, economy, society and even political stability. 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Debate of Gore/Bush Free Essays

Gore believes that teachers should be able to have one on one sessions with their students and in order to do so he believes that classrooms should be smaller and more teachers should be hired. In order to hire more teachers he believes that teachers who teach a subject which was their own major should receive a bonus. He feels that education is important because â€Å"the students of today build the economy of tomorrow. We will write a custom essay sample on Debate of Gore/Bush or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Bush believes that education is our first priority in this country. He believes that education should be both flexible for the students and the educators. He believes that more money should go into school funding and teachers should have a pay increase. He feels as though literacy is a big problem among children and he moves toward a structure of education that ensures a child his ability to read. Gore seems to be working towards helping the middle class population and hopes to pass a bill to give the middle class a tax cut. Bush is for big business and free enterprise. He feels that the government should not regulate big businesses and that competition in the economy is a very good thing.. Gore states that he is not afraid to take on drug companies to give medicare benefits to the elderly and bring down prescription prices to fit the elderly needs. He believes that we should slowly move step by step towards universal health coverage. He wants to make the health care plan better for those who have one and provide a health care plan for those who do not. Within four years he wants to make health care available for every child. He spoke of tax credit for individual health plans and an encouragement to businesses to give health care twenty-five percent credit. Bush is opposed to a national health care system. He stated that in the eight years that Clinton and Gore served nothing was done about medicare or social security. Bush also believes that Gore†s plans for healthcare cannot be carried out with our country†s budget and Bush believes Gore is a big spender. Bush stated how he provided health care for everyone in Texas and how a national health care plan would fail. I feel as though both candidates were pushing to get all of the issues in within this last debate and that made them not have much backup for all of their statements. I think this was just a â€Å"playground argument† between the two candidates. They both were trying to say they were the better candidate but they truly did not give us a reason why. Both candidates seemed to have some optimistic ideas for America but I just don†t see how some of their bills and plans would ever work. Although the debate did not show a good turnout for me I still feel as though Gore has more intelligence on his behalf and has exactly what America needs to expand us technologically. How to cite Debate of Gore/Bush, Papers

International Economics The World Bank Economic Review

Questions: The Standard Trade Model extends the theories of Absolute and Comparative Advantage to incorporate the importance of increasing Opportunity Costs in international trade. The Heckscher-Ohlin Theory extends these models further by seeking to explain the underlying determinants of Comparative Advantage. (1) Explain briefly the main features of each of the concepts or theories highlighted in bold and italics above and how they are related to each other. (2) Evaluate whether these theories are sufficient to adequately account for why countries engage in international trade and the benefits that such trade can yield for them. (3) With reference to your own home nation, or any other nation known well to you, examine the extent to which that nation actively engages in international trade or practices restrictions upon such trade. Answers: Introduction International economics uses the same fundamental methods of analysis like other domains of economics. This is because; the motives and the behaviour of the participants are same in the international trade as they are in domestic exchange. This paper will briefly explain some concepts of international economics, like, standard trade model; absolute advantage; comparative advantage and Heckscher-Ohlin Theory. It will also evaluate whether these theories are sufficient to understand why countries are engaged in international trade. Moreover, one nation will be selected to examine its engagement in international trade and its restrictions upon such practices. Theories of Trade Absolute Advantage and Comparative Advantage Absolute advantage and comparative advantage are two fundamental ideas in international trade. Here, the discussion will be made based on two countries and two commodities. Absolute advantage implies the capability of the country to produce a certain good more efficiently than other country. The capability is measured by comparing the resource engagement to produce that good. This means that, the country is said to have absolute advantage in producing a product, when it can produce the particular good with less of a given resource than its competitor nation. In other words, the cost of production of one country is less than the other one. Therefore, the absolute advantage compares the productivity of different countries. According to this theory, the country will produce that commodity, which they can produce by engaging less resource (Krugman, Obsfeld and Melitz 2015). However, the limitation of this concept is that, it might happen that a country is resourceful and has absolute adv antage in all commodities. However, one country will not produce all the goods if it has option for trade. Therefore, it has to decide which good it should produce and import to another country. Hence, the concept of opportunity cost arises. Opportunity cost is the cost that arises due to shifting its resources from one good to another. Suppose the country can allocate its resources in goods, clothes and food. To produce one extra unit of clothes the country has to sacrifice some units of food. The forgone amount of food is the opportunity cost of the one unit of extra clothes. The country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the opportunity cost of producing that good is lesser than the other country. According to this theory, the country will produce and trade that commodity whose opportunity cost is less, i.e. in which it has comparative advantage. The difference between opportunity costs provides the chances of a mutually beneficial rearrangement of the world production (Feenstra 2015). This solves the problem of absolute advantage, because even if the country has absolute advantage in all goods, the different countries have different comparative advantages. When the countries produce the good in which they have comparative advantage, both of them benefit from trading. This is because each of them will get the commodity at a price that is lower than its own opportunity cost of producing that particular good. This drives the country to specialize in that good, which has the lowest opportunity cost. Standard Trade Model The Standard Trade Model extends the absolute advantage and comparative advantage theory by incorporating the importance of opportunity cost. In presence of Autarkic situation, the equilibrium occurs when the community indifference curve is tangible to the Production Possibility Frontier. The slope of the tangent gives the equilibrium relative price. This slope also indicates opportunity cost of producing one good in terms of forgone amount of another good (Gandolfo 2014). The standard model of trade is driven by the differences in the opportunity cost. The following diagram (Figure 1) represents the autarkic situation in two countries. The nation 2 has less opportunity cost in producing cloth, reflected by the flatter slope (Green Line). Hence, it will specialize in Cloth. Similarly, the nation 1 will specialize in Food production. The Figure 1 represents an autarkic situation. Figure 1: Autarkic Situation Now the trade has taken place between these two countries. The movement of production due trade will change the point of production along the PPF curve. At the new point of production, the countries will be able to trade and produce more of the commodity in which it has less opportunity cost. The community indifference curves of the both countries will shift to the higher position. The following Figure 2 represents the trade of the two nations. At point , the export and import of both nations matches with each other. Heckscher-Ohlin Model Figure 2: International Trade The resource of the country influences the trading pattern. The Heckscher-Ohlin model uses the concept of comparative advantage. It shows that the resources influence the comparative advantage. The abundant factors of production and the intensity of the factors used, determines in which the country has comparative advantage. This model assumes that, there are two countries and two commodities; the two factors of production are capital and labour (Van Marrewijk, Ottens and Schueller 2012). Suppose the two goods are A and B respectively. The cost of production depends on the factor price. If the wage, the cost of labour, rises then price of the good whose production uses labour will also rise. However, how much the factor price influences the commodity price depends on how much of that factor is involved to produce that good. The For example, if the production of commodity A uses few labours then a rise in wage will not have much effect on the price of the commodity. In contrast, if the production of commodity B requires more number of labours, then a rise in the price of factor will lead to significant rise in the price of the good B. Hence, there is one-to-one correspondence between wage-rental ratio and the ratio of price of good A to that of B (Krugman et al. 2015). The major components of Heckscher- Ohlin Model are: Rybczynski Theorem; Factor Price Equalization Theorem; Stolper- Samuelson Theorem (Guillo and Perez-Sebastian 2015). Sufficiency of the Trade Theories How both countries are benefitted from trade can be explained by utilizing the concepts of theories of trade discussed above. The countries are different from each other in terms of factor abundances. When the trade is taking place between two countries the relative price tends to converge. The country produces and trades the goods in which it has comparative advantage. By this way, the country can send one commodity to foreign country and receives another commodity, at lower price than it would have charged given the goods were produced in the home country. However, it is important to verify whether the both countries are gaining from trade. When the relative price of a commodity is greater than the opportunity cost of producing that good, then the country specializes in that commodity and exports it to foreign market . The country can produce a particular good more efficiently and indirectly produce the other good in the foreign market. Similarly, the foreign country indirectly pro duces the good in which it is inefficient. Hence both are gaining from trade. Moreover, the benefits of both countries can be verified by countrys new possibility of consumption. This is represented in the following Figure 3. Figure 3: Gains from Trade (comparative advantage) Moreover, the countries are involved in trade due to resource scarcity. Since, the country produces commodity that requires resources in which the country is rich in, it can still avail the good that uses the scarce resources, without involving those resources. Therefore, each countrys consumption possibilities are expanded through trade. The economy as a whole consumes more of both good. This can be illustrated through the following diagram, Figure 4. In this diagram, two countries relative price and PPFs have been represented. It can be seen that due to nations participation in trade, both countries have shifted to higher indifference curve. This indicates that the two countries are consuming more of both commodities than the autarkic situation (Rosnick 2013). Figure 4: Gains from Trade (H-O Model) United Kingdoms Participation in International Trade Restriction With the growing development in the poor countries and due to the effect of globalization, the developed countries like United Kingdom have lost market share in exporting goods. However, the country has maintained its exports of service sector. United Kingdom is the sixth largest trader in the world and third largest exporters of service. The exports and imports of goods and services totaled 1256 billion USD. The share of UKs service export peaked in 2004; however, it fell down in 2007 and continued till 2010 (Gov.uk, 2012). On the other hand, the goods exports of UK declined in 2010. This country accounts for 22.8 % financial services export but only exports 2.6% of construction service export . The pharmaceutical export is significantly large. UK constitutes 3.3% of Singapores export (Gov.uk 2012). The growth in trade performance of this country within 2002 to 2008 was faster than the trade growth in the 1990s. However, the growth of international trade was halted during the global crisis. During this time the exchange rate depreciated by 25%. This made the export of this country more competitive and made import much costlier (De Propris 2013). Though it has helped the country expand its volume of export but could not reduce the demand for import. As a result of this the net trade balance is negative for this country. Moreover, the trade balance of this nation is still negative due to large gap in export and import (Inman 2016). United Kingdom has comparative advantage in Creative Industry; Tidal industry and Robotics and Autonomous Systems. This country has become efficient in generating knowledge and information. They are more developing their culture through their creativity. A creative economy comprises of art, crafts, fashion; Design; film etc. Human capital is the ultimate source of this industry (Ganotakis 2012). It is also global leader in marine energy. The research and development of advanced machineries might lead this country to become a leader in robotics industry. UK is a part of the harmonized trade system of European Union and it follows export and import regulations of EC Commission. The services can be imported and exported freely in UK. However, there is some exceptions, such that, restrictions on technology with significant military application. In this case, an export license is required. Objects like cultural interest, such as, artwork, old manuscript etc. also requires license from Arts Council (Gov.uk, 2012). Since, the creative industry is contributing significantly in the nations GDP, the UK government aims to protect this industry and hence, has imposed import restrictions. In order to protect the originality of this industry, the country is strengthening the intellectual property rights (Flew 2014). A custom duty relief is given when this country re-import EU goods that has been previously exported to EU for processing. The profits made by UK enterprises through exports are taxed like any other profits made in domestic market (ni businessinfo.co.uk, 2016). If a person is going abroad for export his services, then also the UK National Insurance Contribution needs to be paid by that person (Borchert, Gootiiz and Mattoo 2013). Various business culture; legal environments and languages create confusion when engaging in international trade. Therefore, the country tries to formulate rules and restrictions in such a way that cannot create any further confusion and considers the interest of both parties. UK is a member nation of WTO, hence it enjoys benefits from it. In short it can be said that United Kingdom practices free trade internationally. The authority has made few restrictions on import. However, it has some restrictions on exports. However, the restrictions are imposed for the purpose of well-being of the people as a whole. The depreciated sterling has made the exports more attractive to the international market. Moreover, the export of Creative industry is growing and contributing significant benefits to the net trade balance. The export in services is growing unlike the export of goods by UK. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be said that countries engaged in international trade gains from trade. The paper has theorized some important concepts of international trade. It has discussed whether countries are benefitted from trade and the theories are sufficient to explain these benefits. At the end, the paper has taken United Kingdom to analyze the performance of the international trade and regulation practice in the country. It has identified some industries that has comparative advantages, and the country is specializing in it to gain more benefits from trade. References Borchert, I., Gootiiz, B. and Mattoo, A., 2013. Policy barriers to international trade in services: evidence from a new database.The World Bank Economic Review, p.lht017. De Propris, L., 2013. How are creative industries weathering the crisis?.Cambridge journal of regions, economy and society, p.rss025. Feenstra, R.C., 2015.Advanced international trade: theory and evidence. Princeton university press. Flew, T., 2014. Creative industries: a new pathway.InterMEDIA,42(1), pp.11-13. Gandolfo, G., 2014. Introduction to International Trade Theory and Policy. InInternational Trade Theory and Policy(pp. 3-7). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Ganotakis, P., 2012. Founders human capital and the performance of UK new technology based firms.Small Business Economics,39(2), pp.495-515. Gov.uk. (2012).Creative and cultural: international trade regulations - Detailed guidance - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/creative-industries-complying-with-import-and-export-regulations [Accessed 1 Apr. 2016]. Gov.uk. (2012).Import and export of manufactured goods - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/import-and-export-of-manufactured-goods [Accessed 1 Apr. 2016]. Gov.uk. (2012).Import and export of manufactured goods - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/import-and-export-of-manufactured-goods [Accessed 1 Apr. 2016]. Guillo, M.D. and Perezà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Sebastian, F., 2015. Convergence in a Dynamic HeckscherOhlin Model with Land.Review of Development Economics,19(3), pp.725-734. Inman, P. (2016).UK trade deficit widens further as exports suffer. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/feb/09/uk-trade-deficit-widens-further-imports-exports [Accessed 1 Apr. 2016]. Krugman, P.R., Obstfeld, M. and Melitz, M., 2015.International trade: theory and policy. Prentice Hall. nibusinessinfo.co.uk. (2016).UK regulations and taxes for international trade in services. [online] Available at: https://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/content/uk-regulations-and-taxes-international-trade-services [Accessed 1 Apr. 2016]. Rosnick, D., 2013. Gains from Trade?.The net effect of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement on US Wages. Van Marrewijk, C., Ottens, D. and Schueller, S., 2012.International Economics. Oxford University Press.

Video Games Why The Gender Bias Essays - Childhood, Girl, Women

Video Games: Why The Gender Bias? This Christmas, like millions of other parents, I bought my two children, a boy and a girl, a popular home video game system. I thought they could share it and when asked if this was OK with them, they replied, "Sure mom, that would be great." So, we planned on installing the little goody onto the TV in the family room, so that both kids would have an equal chance to play. So, "What then?" you may be asking is the problem. The problem arose when we went to shop for games for the system. They weren't hard to find. They were in all the local toy stores and Walmart and Kmart too! But, there weren't any for girls! I looked high and low and came up empty handed. Why was this happening? Surely, girls must want to play video games as much as boys do! Why then, aren't game manufacturers producing any video games that feature girls as the main character? On a recent trip to our local Walmart store, I found over two hundred video game titles, yes I counted, for our game system, but of these only two had female main characters. One of them was, you guessed it, Barbie! The other one was a female warrior dressed in a scantily clad leather outfit. I'm pretty sure the latter was designed for young men, and not for young girls. Surely, a big retailer, like Toys-R-Us would have more of a selection. So, off I went on my merry way only to be once again disappointed. Toys-R-Us had over 300 titles in stock for our game system and only the same two titles I found at Walmart were available there with one new addition, which was the Spice Girls CD. It's price had been reduced, so I guessed it was left over from last year when the Spice Girls used to be popular. I ended up purchasing 4 games for my kids to play. I found a few with cartoon characters as lead characters, that I felt would be appropriate for kids. I bought Rugrats, Loony Tunes, Grand Turismo (race cars), and Tetras (puzzle). All, except the puzzle game, had male characters in the lead, but at least these were rated as non-violent. After some careful research, I found that video games are a 7 billion dollar a year industry that out surpasses even the movie industry by 2 billion dollars each year ( 2 ). Mostly, these games are being sold to boys and young men. Girls currently represent only about 20 percent of the market, having been pretty much written off by important manufacturers like, Hasbro, Sony, and Sega ( 3 ). Girls have extensive buying power though, nearly 84 billion dollars annually, and over 6 million of them live in households with gaming systems ( 3 ). From ages, 6 to 10, girls play video games as much and as often as boys in that same age bracket, and one survey reports that if there were more games out there that they enjoyed, 85 percent of girls surveyed would use their gaming systems more ( 1 ). Girls don't seem to like the same kinds of games boys do. Instead of the violent, time-limited games boys go for, the girls like games that offer strong narratives, interaction, and creativity. It's not enough to simply convert or replace existing software for girls; the basic structure should be changed. A 1995 survey in Children's Software Review found only 28 of the 344 games with female characters in leading roles ( 3 ), proof that few producers have created games exclusively for girls. I believe this is largely so, due to the male dominance in the whole computer and technological industry. Males are turning out a product for other males. Then why aren't women out there designing a product girls will enjoy? Some are trying, but I have found it a catch-22 situation. Men are leading the technology industry because they are the ones inviting other males to join their ranks by making only games geared towards boys and young men. Girls are less likely to deem this area as fun and inviting and thus, turn their attention to other areas of study once college bound. Some companies are beginning to look for ways to encourage girls to get more involved in information technology. Girl Tech is one such group, in hopes of reaching 3.4 million Girl Scouts, they are sponsoring a

Reflective Account of a Literature Search Essays

Reflective Account of a Literature Search Essays Reflective Account of a Literature Search Essay Reflective Account of a Literature Search Essay this is my major stumbling block, and in order to learn and develop, I must use the computer effectively. I now see the internet as my most valuable asset, and therefore I feel less stressed about my future learning needs.

Battle of the Monongahela in the French and Indian War

Battle of the Monongahela in the French and Indian War The Battle of Monongahela was fought on July 9, 1755, during the French and Indian War (1754-1763) and represented a failed attempt by the British to capture the French post at Fort Duquesne. Leading a slow advance north from Virginia, General Edward Braddock encountered a mixed French and Native American force near his objective. In the resulting engagement, his men struggled with the forest landscape and he fell mortally wounded. After Braddock was hit, the British ranks collapsed and the looming defeat turned into a rout. Fort Duquesne would remain in French hands for four more years. Assembling an Army In the wake of Lieutenant Colonel George Washingtons defeat at Fort Necessity in 1754, the British decided to mount a larger expedition against Fort Duquesne (present-day Pittsburgh, PA) the following year. Led by Braddock, the commander-in-chief of British forces in North America, the operation was to be one of many against French forts on the frontier. Though the most direct route to Fort Duquesne was through Pennsylvania, Lieutenant Governor Robert Dinwiddie of Virginia successfully lobbied to have the expedition depart from his colony. Though Virginia lacked the resources to support the campaign, Dinwiddie desired the military road that would be built by Braddock to pass through his colony as it would benefit his business interests. Arriving at Alexandria, VA in early 1755, Braddock began assembling his army which was centered on the under-strength 44th and 48th Regiments of Foot. Selecting Fort Cumberland, MD as his departure point, Braddocks expedition was beset with administrative issues from the outset. Hampered by a lack of wagons and horses, Braddock required the timely intervention of Benjamin Franklin to supply sufficient numbers of both. Braddocks Expedition After some delay, Braddocks army, numbering around 2,400 regulars and militia, departed Fort Cumberland on May 29. Among those in the column was Washington who had been appointed as an aide-de-camp to Braddock. Following the trail blazed by Washington the year before, the army moved slowly as it needed to widen the road to accommodate the wagons and artillery. After moving around twenty miles and clearing the eastern branch of the Youghiogheny River, Braddock, on Washingtons advice, split the army in two. While Colonel Thomas Dunbar advanced with the wagons, Braddock rushed ahead with around 1,300 men. The First of the Problems Though his flying column was not encumbered with the wagon train, it still moved slowly. As a result, it became plagued by supply and disease problems as it crawled along. As his men moved north, they met light resistance from Native Americans allied with the French. Braddocks defensive arrangements were sound and few men were lost in these engagements. Nearing Fort Duquesne, Braddocks column was required to cross the Monongahela River, march two miles along the east bank, and then re-ford at Fraziers Cabin. Braddock expected both crossing to be contested, and was surprised when no enemy troops appeared. Fording the river at Fraziers Cabin on July 9, Braddock re-formed the army for the final seven-mile push to the fort. Alerted to the British approach, the French planned to ambush Braddocks column as they knew the fort could not withstand the British artillery. Leading a force of around 900 men, most of which were Native American warriors, Captain Lià ©nard de Beaujeu was delayed in departing. As a result, they encountered the British advance guard, led by Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Gage, before they could set the ambush. Armies Commanders British Major General Edward Braddock1,300 men French Indians Captain Lià ©nard de BeaujeuCaptain Jean-Daniel Dumas891 men The Battle of  Monongahela Opening fire on the approaching French and Native Americans, Gages men killed de Beaujeu in their opening volleys. Attempting to make a stand with his three companies, Gage was soon outflanked as Captain Jean-Daniel Dumas rallied de Beaujeus men and pushed them through the trees. Under heavy pressure and taking casualties, Gage ordered his men to fall back on Braddocks men. Retreating down the trail, they collided with the advancing column and confusion began to reign. Unused to forest fighting, the British attempted to form their lines while the French and Native Americans fired on them from behind cover (Map). As smoke filled the woods, British regulars accidentally fired on friendly militia believing them to be the enemy. Flying around the battlefield, Braddock was able to stiffen his lines as makeshift units began to offer resistance. Believing that his mens superior discipline would carry the day, Braddock continued the fight. After about three hours, Braddock was hit in the chest by bullet. Falling from his horse, he was carried to the rear. With their commander down, British resistance collapsed and they began falling back towards the river. Defeat Becomes a Rout As the British retreated, the Native Americans surged forward. Wielding tomahawks and knives, they caused a panic in the British ranks which turned the retreat into a rout. Gathering what men he could, Washington formed a rear guard which allowed many of the survivors to escape. Re-crossing the river, the beaten British were not pursued as the Native Americans set about looting and scalping the fallen. Aftermath The Battle of the Monongahela cost the British 456 killed and 422 wounded. French and Native American casualties are not known with precision but are speculated to have been around 30 killed and wounded. The survivors of the battle retreated back down the road until reuniting with Dunbars advancing column. On July 13, as the British camped near Great Meadows, not far from the site of Fort Necessity, Braddock succumbed to his wound. Braddock was buried the next day in the middle of the road. The army then marched over the grave to eliminate any trace of it in order to prevent the generals body being recovered by the enemy. Not believing that he could continue the expedition, Dunbar elected to withdraw towards Philadelphia. Fort Duquesne would finally be taken by British forces in 1758, when an expedition led by General John Forbes reached the area. In addition to Washington, the Battle of the Monongahela featured several prominent officers who would later serve in the American Revolution (1775-1783) including Horatio Gates, Charles Lee, and Daniel Morgan.

GMO the Necessary Evil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

GMO the Necessary Evil - Essay Example The discussion of whether Genetically Modified Organisms are good or bad for consumption can go on without a conclusion. My goal in this paper is to bring out both the negative and positive effects genetically modified organisms have and to show how essential they are. To achieve this goal, we shall start by looking at the negative or the health risks associated with genetically modified organisms citing evidence from different authors, and then I will discuss the reason why genetically modified foods were introduced and why I think they are a necessary evil. Now that we have introduced GMOs, let us look at the health risks associated with this kind of food. Although Genetically Modified Organisms were introduced in 1996, their side effects on human health have already been noticed; there have been increased reports of allergic reaction, toxic hazards (Wald and Michael 46). These side effects may be seen as minimal, the most worrying are the long term effects which may be more drastic. Children with life threatening allergies are associated with GMOs increased intake. There have been 37 reported deaths of people associated with the side effects of GMOs (Smith 258). Moreover GMOs have been associated with birth defects, stillbirth, infertility, cancers and miscarriages (Bodiguel 45). Researchers claim that glyphosphate found in GMO are the cause of malformation chicken embryos and these effects were evident to human birth defects in areas associated with genetically modified soy production. To be precise the researchers found malformation of the head were the new borne had a single eye (Wald and Michael 44). With long term exposure to genetically modified organisms the data  relating to the diverse effects will only increase as we continue to feed on GMOs without giving thought the negative effects they can have on our health and reproduction of future